An element consists of only one type of atom, which has a mass that is characteristic of the element and is the same for all atoms of that element ( Figure 1).An atom is the smallest unit of an element that can participate in a chemical change. Matter is composed of exceedingly small particles called atoms. Dalton’s atomic theory states the following: Modern understandings of chemistry can be traced back to John Dalton who, in 1807, first published his hypothesis that the behavior of matter could be explained using an atomic theory. We will also introduce one of the most powerful tools for organizing chemical knowledge: the periodic table. As we consider this theory in some detail we will identify the composition and mass of atoms, the variability of the composition of isotopes, ion formation, and chemical compounds held together by ionic and covalent bonding. The most foundational chemistry idea of all is atomic theory. Chemical equations provide information about chemical reactions. Chemical formulas depict molecules as well as the composition of compounds. Chemical symbols are used to represent atoms and elements. The core ideas of chemistry are used in many disciplines, ranging from medicine to engineering to forensics to art. Use postulates of Dalton’s atomic theory to explain the laws of definite and multiple proportions.State the postulates of Dalton’s atomic theory.By the end of this section, you will be able to:
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